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{"id":2444,"date":"2021-02-07T12:07:25","date_gmt":"2021-02-07T08:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hienglish.me\/?p=2444"},"modified":"2023-04-10T20:22:49","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T16:52:49","slug":"modals-permission-and-obligation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hienglish.me\/learn-english\/modals-permission-and-obligation\/","title":{"rendered":"Modals (\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” font_container=”tag:h1|text_align:right”][vc_single_image image=”2435″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f Modals (\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631) \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/a> \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644 (can, can’t, must, mustn’t, have to ,don\u2019t have to ) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

You can put your shoes and coat over there.
\nYou can’t leave your bike there.
\nI must call the electrician and get that light fixed.
\nYou mustn’t worry about me. I’ll be fine.
\nYou have to have a licence to drive a car.
\nYou don’t have to have a licence to cycle on the roads.<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=”\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0631” font_container=”tag:h2|text_align:right”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645<\/p>\n

Permission<\/h3>\n

can<\/em><\/h4>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 can \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

Can I sit here?
\nYou can use my car if you like.
\nCan I make a suggestion?<\/em><\/p>\n

could<\/em><\/h4>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 (\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646) \u0627\u0632 Could \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. Could \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 can \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

Could I ask you something?
\nCould I interrupt?
\nCould I borrow your pen for a moment, please?<\/em><\/p>\n

may<\/em><\/h4>\n

May \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

May I see your passport, please?
\nCustomers may request a refund within a period of 30 days.
\nThese pages may be photocopied for classroom use.<\/em><\/p>\n

Prohibition<\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0627 can’t \u0648 mustn’t \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

can’t<\/em><\/h4>\n

\u0627\u0632 can’t \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646<\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

What does this sign say? Oh, we can’t park here.
\nYou can’t take photos in the museum. They’re really strict about it.
\nSorry, we can’t sell knives to under-18s.<\/em><\/p>\n

must not<\/em>\/mustn’t<\/em><\/h4>\n

\u0627\u0632 must not\u00a0 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

Visitors must not park in the staff car park.
\nBaggage must not be left unattended.
\nGuests must not make noise after 10 p.m.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0632 must not\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

(Parent to child)\u00a0You mustn’t say things like that to your sister.<\/em>
\n(Teacher to student)\u00a0You mustn’t be late to class.
\nI mustn’t let that happen again.<\/em><\/p>\n

Obligation<\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 have to \u0648 must to \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

have to<\/em><\/h4>\n

Have to \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

We have to wear a uniform when we’re working in reception.<\/em>
\n(Student to teacher)\u00a0When do we have to hand in our homework?
\nAl has to work tomorrow so he can’t come.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc” \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

must<\/em><\/h4>\n

Must \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a) \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

I must phone my dad. It’s his birthday today.<\/em>
\n(Teacher to student)\u00a0You must hand in your homework on Tuesday or you will lose ten per cent\u00a0of your mark.<\/em>
\n(Sign on a plane)\u00a0Seat belts must be worn by all passengers.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Must \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0632 have to \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

I had to pay \u00a385 to renew my passport last week.<\/em><\/p>\n

No obligation<\/h3>\n

don’t have to<\/em><\/h4>\n

\u0627\u0632 don\u2019t have \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

You don’t have to wear a tie in our office but some people like to dress more formally.
\nYou don’t have to go to the bank to do a transfer. You can do it online.
\nYou don’t have to come with me, honestly.\u00a0I’ll be fine!<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” font_container=”tag:h1|text_align:right”][vc_single_image image=”2435″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f Modals (\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631) \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644 (can, can’t, must, mustn’t, have to ,don\u2019t have to ) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2445,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,38],"tags":[165],"yoast_head":"\nModals (\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631) - 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